The Tenure, Ownership, and Transition of Agricultural Land (TOTAL) Survey, created by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) and Economic Research Service (ERS), examines agricultural landowners, including non-operator landlords, to analyze land tenure, ownership structures, and transition plans. It includes detailed data on land income, expenses, debt, assets, landlord demographics, and intentions for land succession or sale. Conducted as a follow-up to the 2012 Census of Agriculture, the survey tracks shifts in farmland ownership, rental arrangements, and intergenerational transitions, informing policies for agricultural sustainability. Key features include granular data on operator vs. non-operator landlordships, integration with the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS), and insights into land fragmentation and access for beginning farmers. Unique aspects include its focus on non-operator stakeholders and longitudinal data for tracking trends, making it a critical resource for researchers, policymakers, and agricultural groups addressing land-use changes, rural economic development, and food system resilience.