RAIS – Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (Brazilian Employer‑Employee Dataset) The RAIS is an annual administrative census that records every formal employment relationship in Brazil. Each record (one per worker‑establishment link) contains individual characteristics (age, gender, race, education, occupation, wage, work‑time), establishment attributes (CNPJ, sector, size, location) and contract details (type of hire, duration, benefits). The file covers the whole formal labor market from 1975 to the present and is released each year as micro‑data (publicly de‑identified) together with aggregated tables. The dataset is produced by the Ministry of Labour and Employment (now part of the Ministry of Economy), instituted by Decree 76.900/1975 and updated by subsequent decrees (e.g., Decree 10.854/2021). Its primary purpose is to supply the government, researchers and private‑sector analysts with reliable information for labor‑market monitoring, policy evaluation, social‑security verification and academic studies. Key features that set RAIS apart: * Full‑population coverage of formal contracts, making it the most comprehensive source on Brazil’s salaried workforce. * Matched employer–employee structure, enabling analyses of wage differentials, firm‑level dynamics, and regional labor‑market disparities. * Annual frequency with increasing timeliness after the 2021 integration of RAIS reporting into the e‑Social system. * Open micro‑data (available through the government portal and platforms such as DataZoom, Bades Dados, or the Ministry’s “Painel de Informações da RAIS”), facilitating reproducible research. These attributes make RAIS a cornerstone for labor‑economics, public‑policy, and market‑research projects in Brazil.