Flash flooding is the top weather-related killer, responsible for an average of 140 deaths per year
across the United States. Although precipitation forecasting and understanding of flash flood
causes have improved in recent years, there are still many unknown factors that play into flash
flooding. Despite having accurate and timely rainfall reports, some river basins simply do not
respond to rainfall as meteorologists might expect. The Flash Flood Potential Index (FFPI) was
developed in order to gain insight into these “problem basins”, giving National Weather Service
(NWS) meteorologists insight into the intrinsic properties of a river basin and the potential for
swift and copious rainfall runoff.The goal of the FFPI is to quantitatively describe a given sub-basin’s risk of flash flooding based
on its inherent, static characteristics such as slope, land cover, land use and soil type/texture. It
leverages both Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as well as datasets from various sources.
By indexing a given sub-basin’s risk of flash flooding, the FFPI allows the user to see which subbasins
are more predisposed to flash flooding than others. Thus, the FFPI can be added to the
situational awareness tools which can be used to help assess flash flood risk.